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Political Battles of European Leninism

Internationalism No. 73, March 2025 Page 1 Thirty years after the death of Arrigo Cervetto , we are publishing here the concluding passages of the introduction to his Opere Scelte (“Selected Works”) for the series Biblioteca Giovani (“Publications for young people”), soon to be published in Italian. The 1944-45 partisan war in Italy. The political battle within libertarian communism. The Korean War, and the watchword of “neither Washington nor Moscow”. The layoffs at the Ilva and Ansaldo factories, the political battle and trade union defence in the struggles of post-war restructuring. From 1953 onwards, the crisis of Stalinism, the 1956 Suez crisis, the Hungarian uprising, the 1957 Theses and the challenge of theory and strategy vis-à-vis the tendencies of unitary imperialism. The political struggle within Azione Comunista (“Communist Action”) and the Movimento della Sinistra Comunista (“Movement of the Communist Left”). From the 1950s to the early 1970s, t...
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The Hurdles of the Energy Transition

Internationalism No. 88, June 2026 Page 15 From the series The world energy battle The war against Iran has highlighted the dependence on fossil fuels and the need for world economies to reduce dependence on the Middle East and on these energy sources. The European Union's “Green Deal” aims to achieve these goals, but the structure of the economy and the economic and social costs pose significant obstacles for the energy transition. Problems of renewables versus fossil fuels According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), during the period 2015-2024 global cumulative investments in renewable energy production amounted to $12.5 trillion, surpassing the $11.8 trillion invested in fossil fuels; despite this, the share of total energy supply accounted for by fossil fuels fell only from 85% in 1990 to 81% in 2023 [United Nations, Energy Statistics Pocketbook 2...
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Fox and “The Wall Street Journal” in the White House

Internationalism No. 88, June 2026 Page 14 From the series Chronicles of the new American nationalism The mass media empire financed by Rupert Murdoch includes, in America, Fox Broadcasting, established in 1986, the 24-hour cable news channel Fox News , launched in 1996, and Fox Business , created in 2007; the same year Murdoch acquired the prestigious newspaper The Wall Street Journal . Murdoch, who since 2020 has also owned the streaming platform Tubi, first arrived in the country in the 1970s with the tabloid New York Post . In terms of trade and foreign policy, as well as style, the group covers a wide range of positions. Fox is the TV network that has most favoured Donald Trump and most benefited from his political rise, compared to its competitors. Within the group, Fox News is the brand most in tune with the current administration: some commentators have ...
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Rearmament and State Policies in the Battle for Minerals

Internationalism No. 88, June 2026 Page 13 In 2025, China was the only power to respond decisively to Donald Trump's trade war, forcing him into an autumn truce through tariffs and, primarily, by blocking exports of some critical minerals. According to the White House, Beijing made a mistake in using the nuclear weapon of its near-monopoly on rare earths, as it triggered a global rush to diversify supplies. That process is indeed underway, but given its high costs and long timescales, it does not seem able to neutralise, at least in the short term, the powerful mineral deterrent established by the Chinese government. A multilateral Trump The US government's counteroffensive is underway both domestically, in an attempt to rebuild an industrial sector for the extraction and processing of these substances in the US, and internationally, through a series of agreements. Among the mo...
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Oil as a Weapon

Internationalism No. 88, June 2026 Page 12 In its editorial on May 17th, the Financial Times sounded the alarm over the looming energy crunch . In reality, the alarm has been sounding ever since Iran took full control of the Strait of Hormuz on March 4th, and even more so since the United States, despite the ceasefire of April 8th, imposed its own counter-blockade, with dozens of warships, on April 13th. Negotiations, whether genuine or feigned, Omani mediation, and American threats to finish the job — a campaign stretched on February 28th with the killings of Tehran’s leaders — have prolonged the stalemate in the third American war in the Persian Gulf. The alarm over the looming energy crisis became official on May 13th, when the International Energy Agency (IEA) published its report on the global oil market: More than ten weeks after the war in the Middle East began, mounting supply losses...
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Tokyo’s Deterrence Mirrors Europe’s

Internationalism No. 88, June 2026 Page 11 We are living in an era in which the ‘Pax Americana’ is nearing an end without any substitute order taking its place . So wrote, in a 1980 report, the study group on Comprehensive national security , established by the then Japanese Prime Minister Masayoshi Ōira. According to Michitaka Kaiya, deputy editor of the Yomiuri Shimbun , this observation remains valid today, given the Trump administration’s dismissive attitude towards allies , a China that challenges the US-led order, the war in Ukraine, and the conflict in the Gulf. At the end of April, Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi attended the inaugural meeting of the committee of fifteen experts tasked with conducting the review of the National Security Strategy (NSS), presented at the end of 2022, through which Tokyo has defined its rearmament. On March 31st, the operational deployment of domestica...
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Missiles, Drones, and Artificial Intelligence

Internationalism No. 88, June 2026 Page 10 From the series The arms industry put to the test in the Gulf The Pentagon has dubbed the US war against Iran Epic Fury . An assessment after about 40 days into the attacks, coordinated with Israel, indicates that the Iranian political and military leadership has been decimated, nuclear programs further compromised, the Navy hit, air defence capabilities reduced, and significant damage caused to Tehran's missile and drone factories. Yet, according to The Economist , it would have been better to call the operation Blind Fury because the war did not lead to the fall of the regime, and because it allowed the closure of the Strait of Hormuz (where the daily passage of ships collapsed from 135 to 4), thus greatly harming the European and Asian allies of the US. We will not deal here with the roles of those who sought and supp...
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The KPD After January 1919

Internationalism No. 88, June 2026 Page 9 From the series Pages from the history of the workers’ movement The Weimar Republic took shape in the first six months of 1919, as Gustav Noske's Freikorps suppressed the revolution. The bourgeois parties of Weimar In the elections for the Constituent Assembly on January 19 th , 1919, the large corporate groups of German capital financed and steered the political forces. The four major banks alone contributed at least 30 million marks to the election funds of the various parties. At the head of the bourgeois forces were the great electricity magnates Walther Rathenau of AEG and Carl Friedrich von Siemens for the Democrats; Karl Helfferich of Deutsche Bank and Alfred Hugenberg of Krupp for the far-right nationalists; and major industrialists such as Hugo Stinnes for Gustav Stresemann's People's Party. Th...
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Collaboration and Nationalism in Ukraine and Belarus

Internationalism No. 88, June 2026 Page 8 In her essay Economia di guerra e inquadramento della società in URSS ( The War Economy and Social Control in the USSR ), Rebecca Manley writes that initially the German advance in Russia was welcomed by the local population and threatened the legitimacy of the reigning power , while party leaders, officials, and factory managers often jumped ship , with the abandoned populace openly cursing them [A. Aglan and R. Frank, La guerra-mondo 1937-1947 ( The World War 1937-1947 ), Einaudi, 2015-16]. Her account goes on to describe the government's gradual reassertion of control: The cost in human lives was increasing and shortages were continuing to worsen [...] it was only with the victory of Stalingrad that Stalin and the Soviet system recovered a central role in war propaganda . Overall, according to this author, the war years saw a surge of popular patr...
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