The Internationalism

Internationalism No. 77, July 2025 Page 8 The new conflagration in the Persian Gulf, the twelve-day war between Israel and Iran before the United States intervened with its bunker-buster bomb on the Fordow nuclear site, appeared to be a conflict between a State armed with nuclear weapons and one seeking to acquire them. There is talk of Benjamin Netanyahu’s gamble, which since October 7 th , 2023, has engaged Israel on seven war fronts and in a massacre in Gaza that has no end. But, in reality, Israel’s commitment to preventing nuclear proliferation in the Middle East is a long-term strategic decision shared by all its political currents and known as the Begin doctrine . Wars are part of the revisions of history in political theories and strategies; this also applies to the norms and doctrines of international law, the paper walls of the liberal conception of internationa...

Internationalism No. 77, July 2025 Pages 1 and 2 The Vatican and Atlantic Decline Social change and power relations, class struggle, and the struggle between States driven by uneven economic and political development have been at the heart of every reflection on revolutionary strategy, since its inception in The Communist Manifesto of 1848. This requires knowledge of the ruling class, its political expressions, the bourgeois State and system of States. It should come as no surprise, then, that social dynamics and international politics are also the two main guidelines along which we have attempted to assess the Catholic Church and the Vatican in recent decades. It is the largest organisation of the ruling class, the only one with global roots, and one of the very few – perhaps even the only one – whose conceptions have a long-term view of historical processes. Cardinal Wal...

Internationalism No. 76, June 2025 Pages 1 and 2 Continuity and Rebalancing in the Multipolar Papacy The Church needs to know how to address a humanity disoriented by the crisis in the world order . According to Vatican sources, this was one of the outcomes of the Congregazioni generali ( General congregations ), or pre-Conclave meetings, the debates among the cardinals who will vote for the election of the new pontiff. It is useful to return to another juncture of the crisis in the world order , more than 30 years ago, when the implosion of the USSR, German reunification, and finally the First Gulf War marked the end of the Yalta partition. The consequences were comparable to a third world war in terms of strategic consequences and the devaluation of capital in the USSR, but not in terms of the human cost, which, at 500,000 victims, was one hundredth that of the Second World...